Fortification Plan of El Morro, citadel of San Juan, Puerto Rico

Plan of El Morro in 1742, being the citadel of San Juan, Spanish Puerto Rico (Instituto de Historia y Cultura Militar, Madrid). As it can be seen on the map, El Morro was a small peninsula in a strategic location protecting the harbour of San Juan.

Site Plans of Nineveh, Assyrian Imperial capital

Site Plans of Nineveh, the Assyrian Imperial capital

Nineveh: City wall and gates.

City plans of Kalhu (Nimrud), Assyrian metropolis

Plan of the northwestern palace of Kalhu (Nimrud), one of the ancient Assyrian capitals.

Porta Grecorum

Republication  from militaryarchitecture.com

 

Mdina, circa 1565, showing position of gateways and early Hospitaller bastions

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Mdina’s medieval gate.

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Perhaps the most visible and most evident vestige of the medieval defences of Mdina is Greeks Gate, or Porta Grecorum. Although this was not the main entrance into the city, but merely a porta falsa, or secondary gateway that went down directly into the land front ditch, it is nonetheless the only complete medieval entrance in all of the Maltese islands to have survived to the present day and, therefore, tells us much about the nature and workings of fortified medieval entrances.

The fortress of Valletta 1566

Republication  from militaryarchitecture.com

Valletta, named after its founder, Grand Master of the Order of St John, Jean Parisot de Valette, was built after the Great Siege of 1565 with the financial help of a Christendom grateful for the defeat of Suleiman’s war machine.